battle of dyrrhachium

They first routed the Byzantine skirmishers before breaking into small detachments and smashing into various points of the Byzantine line. Varangian mercenaries joined in the pursuit of the fleeing Normans, but became separated from the main force and were massacred. Instead, as was usual for a consul at the end of his term, Caesar obtained a proconsul position, or governorship, over the territories of Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum (modern day Albania), with the later addition of Transalpine Gaul. The battle ended in a Norman victory, with Alexios I Komnenos routing the Norman left wing, which broke and fled. [35] The demoralised and unpaid Norman army returned to the coast and sailed back to Italy. The garrison at Dyrrhachium managed to hold out all summer, despite Robert's catapults, ballistae and siege tower. The Battle of Dyrrachium (or Dyrrhachium) on 10 July 48 BC was a battle of Caesar's Civil War in the area of the city of Dyrrachium (in what is now Albania).It was fought between Julius Caesar and the army led by Gnaeus Pompey with the backing of the majority of the Roman Senate.The battle was a victory for Pompey, albeit not a decisive one. As well as the native troops, the Byzantines were joined by 2,000 Turkish and 1,000 Frankish mercenaries, about 1,000 Varangians and 7,000 Turkish auxiliaries sent by the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. In 1073, the Byzantine Emperor Michael VII sent an envoy to Robert offering the hand of his son Constantine to Robert's daughter Helena. The Battle of Dyrrachium (or Dyrrhachium) on 10 July 48 BC was a battle of Caesar's Civil War in the area of the city of Dyrrachium (in what is now Albania). After failing to subdue his enemies at Dyrrhachium (now Dürres, Albania), Caesar clashed with Pompey somewhere near Pharsalus (now Fársala, Greece). [2] The Battle at Dyrrachium preceded the Battle of Pharsalus which was the decisive turning point in the Civil War leading to a Caesarian victory. Bohemond was initially successful, defeating Alexius in several battles, but was defeated by Alexius outside Larissa. The few remaining Varangians fled into the church of the Archangel Michael. The Varangians soon became separated from the main force and exhausted so they were in no position to resist an assault. It was fought between Julius Caesar and an army led by Gnaeus Pompey who had the backing of the majority of the Roman Senate. mil. After his defeat at Dyrrhachium in July of 48 BC, Caesar moved swiftly into Thessaly, incorporating the towns of the region under his control. Battle of Dyrrhachium Emperor Alexius arrived in the vicinity of the besieged city in mid-October. He sent some of his cohorts to reinforce the garrisons of Apollonia and Oricum, and propelled the bulk of his remaining troops into Thessaly. Guiscard formed his battle line opposite Alexius's, with the right wing under the command of the Count of Giovinazzo, the left under Bohemond and Guiscard facing Alexius in the centre. [12] This gave Robert a motive to invade the empire claiming his daughter had been mistreated; however, his intervention was delayed by a revolt in Italy.[13]. [5] Historian Robert Holmes states: "The new knightly tactic of charging with the lance couched – tucked firmly under the arm to unite the impact of man and horse – proved a battle-winner. Guiscard brought his army onto the peninsula and pitched camp outside the city walls. Caesar swiftly reinforced the breach with 4,000 men. He responded by building fortifications to cut off the two approaches to the town and prevented Pompey's horses from grazing in the countryside to the north. [9] In 1059, the Pope made Robert Guiscard, of the Hauteville family, Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. The Battle of Dyrrhachium (near present-day Durrës in Albania) took place on October 18, 1081 between the Byzantine Empire, led by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus (r. 1081–1118), and the Normans of southern Italy under Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria. He failed to take adequate account of the effectiveness of the Norman heavy cavalry charge, which punched through his lines with little resistance. Pompey responded with wall and fortifications of his own to prevent any further advancement. Pompey refrained from pursuing Caesar's routed forces and this allowed them to regroup. At Dyrrhachium (Durrës in modern Albania) Caesar found Pompey entrenched with an army three times as large) found : Dupuy encyc. The Battle of Dyrrhachium was one of the greatest risks taken by Julius Caesar in his war with Gnaeus Pompey, who was allied with almost the entire Senate. In 50 BC, at his Proconsular term's expiry, the Senate forbade Caesar's standing for election in absentia for a second consulship and because of this, Caesar thought he would be prosecuted and rendered politically marginalised if he entered Rome without consular immunity or his army. Media in category "Battle of Dyrrhachium (1081)" The following 15 files are in this category, out of 15 total. "[12], Caesar, by various stratagems, managed to retreat south with the remainder of his army and avoided being caught by the pursuing cavalry of Pompey. He established his camp on the top of a rocky outcrop called Petra, overlooking the Egnatian Way and protecting a reasonable anchorage for his ships about five miles to the south of his base. [33] With this money, Alexius mustered an army near Thessalonica and went to fight Bohemond. [15] The results of these attempts remain unknown, but the ambassador fell under Alexius's charm and as he was returning to Italy, he heard of Alexius's successful coup against Botaneiates,[14] by which he became Alexius I Comnenus. Following the Norman conquest of Byzantine Italy and Saracen Sicily, the Byzantine emperor, Michael VII Doukas (r. 1071–1078), betrothed his son to Robert Guiscard's daughter. [25], Alexius and his guards resisted as long as they could before retreating. [7] Even so, the situation of the Dyrrhachium garrison grew desperate because of the effects of Norman siege weapons. During the morning Pompey consolidated his newly-won position by building a camp south of the Caesarian walls and put five of his legions there, he then sent the sixth to occupy a small camp between the walls that had been abandoned by Caesar, and enlarged the defences. If Pompey's army was not to be destroyed by disease during the summer and lose all its animals, Caesar's siege-works had to be breached. With their massive battle axes, the Varangians attacked the Norman knights, who were driven away after their horses panicked. [31] Alexius had negotiated with Henry and given him 360,000 gold pieces in return for an alliance. Caesar's blunder had put him in the worst possible position any army could find itself. [24], Guiscard, however, had been informed of Alexius' arrival by his scouts and on the night of October 17, he moved his army from the peninsula to the mainland.

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